Discovering Therapeutic and Anti-Inflammatory Benefits of Herbal Remedies using Cytokine ELISA kits
Naturopathy, Ayurveda and herbal remedies have been long established in the Indian system of belief as being therapeutic for several diseases and ailments. While these beliefs have existed for several hundred years now, researchers are beginning to explore the benefits of these herbal or ayurvedic ingredients with a scientific approach. Whether it’s looking at anti-inflammation properties of turmeric and ginger, or ameliorative effects of citrus flavonoids, Krishgen ELISA have been used for many such published papers since 2008. We’ve highlighted some interesting publications that study the TNF-Alpha marker in rats and mice to assess the efficacy of various herbs, spices and plants.
As anti-inflammatory agents:
Pinostrobin and Cajanus lactone isolated from Cajanus cajan (L.) leaves inhibits TNF-Alpha and IL-1Beta production: in vitro and in vivo experimentation.
The tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-Alpha) and interleukin 1 Beta (IL-1Beta) inhibitory activities of Cajanus cajan (leaves of Pigeon pea) crude methanolic extract, its fractions and its phytochemical constituents were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated RAW 264.7 and J774A.1 cells. The researchers observed that both pinostrobin and cajanus lactone were found to be most active in inhibiting TNF-Alpha (IC50 Less Than 22 Micrometre) and IL-1Beta (IC50 Less Than 40 Micrometre). Also, at dose of 20 mg/kg, both pinostrobin and cajanus lactone were found to reduce LPS-induced TNF-Alpha levels by 48.6% and 55.0% respectively and IL-1Beta levels by 53.1% and 41.8% respectively in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. These findings suggested that C. cajan L. leaves can be developed as an effective herbal remedy for the treatment and prevention of inflammation or associated ailments.
Investigations on Leucas cephalotes (Roth.) Spreng. for inhibition of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediators in murine macrophages and in rat model
LCD-F1 was evaluated for lipopolysachharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-Alpha and interleukin (IL)-1Beta production in RAW 264.7 and J774A.1 cells. LCD at a dose of 50, 100 and 400 mg/Kg was found to reduce significantly LPS induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-Alpha and interleukin (IL)-1Beta production in female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. All the results findings evoked that the anti-inflammatory effects of Leucas cephalotes (common name Spiderwort in English and Dronapushpi in Sanskrit) is partially mediated through the suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators and hence can be utilized for the development of anti-inflammatory candidates.
Pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide inhibitory constituents from Cassia occidentalis roots
The ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract of Cassia occidentalis L. (roots of Coffee senna) (IC50 = 21.3 to 43.1 microg/mL) and Mimosa pudica (whole plant – Touch-Me-Not plant) (1C50= 31.7 to 47.2 microg/mL) and the dichloromethane (DCM) extract of Leucas cephalotes (common name Spiderwort in English and Dronapushpi in Sanskrit)(whole plant) (IC50 = 46.8 to 49.3 microg/mL) exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity by in vitro inhibition of the production of TNF-Alpha, IL-1Beta and NO in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. These findings justify an ethnopharmacological use of C occidentalis roots as an effective herbal remedy for the treatment and prevention of inflammation and associated ailments.
As having effects on the brain and its neuropathic functioning:
Hesperidin, a Citrus Flavonoid, Has the Ameliorative Effects Against Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) in a C57BL/J6 Mouse Model
The aim of this study was determined the effects of Hesperidin (HP) on neuronal damage in brain tissue caused by Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis (EAE), an established model of multiple sclerosis in C57BL/J6 mice. Results showed HP treatment prevents the oxidative stress caused by EAE via a decrease in lipid peroxidations and increase in elements of the antioxidant defense systems in brain tissue. Moreover, elevated TNF-Alpha and IL-1Beta levels, a result of EAE, were decreased in serum and neurological deficits as clinical signs were reversed with HP treatment in EAE mice, given HP. In conclusion, HP treatment effectively prevents oxidative, immunological and histological damage in the brain caused by EAE.
Neuroprotective potential of curcumin in combination with piperine against 6-hydroxy dopamine induced motor deficit and neurochemical alterations in rats
Curcumin (CMN) in combination with bioenhancer piperine (PP) in 6-hydroxydopamine-induced Parkinsonian rats was used to investigate the antioxidant, neuromodulatory and neuroprotective mechanisms. Hemi-Parkinson’s rat model was developed with intranigral infusion of 6-OHDA (8 Microgram/2 Microlitre, once, unilaterally), treatment with CMN (25 and 50 mg/kg) and combination of PP (2.5 mg/kg) with CMN (25 mg/kg) was given daily for 21 days starting from the 7th day after 6-OHDA infusion. On 22nd day, isolated brain preparations were subjected to biochemical (lipid peroxidation, glutathione, and nitrite), neuroinflammatory (IL-1Beta, IL-6, and TNF- Alpha), and neurochemical (DA, NE, 5- HT, GABA, Glutamate, DOPAC, HVA, and 5-HIAA) analysis. On 22nd day, isolated brain preparations were subjected to biochemical (lipid peroxidation, glutathione, and nitrite), neuroinflammatory (IL-1Beta, IL-6, and TNF- Alpha), and neurochemical (DA, NE, 5- HT, GABA, Glutamate, DOPAC, HVA, and 5-HIAA) analysis. Oral administration of CMN had significantly prevented behavioral, neuroinflammatory, and neurochemical changes and preserved the antioxidant potential of the nigrostriatum in rats treated with 6-OHDA. In the present study, PP and CMN had afforded a better neuroprotective effect compared to alone treatment on behavior, biochemical, neuroinflammatory, and neurochemical parameters in rats.
Protective effect of Convolvulus pluricaulis against neuroinflammation associated depressive behavior induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress in rat
This study investigates the effects of Convolvulus pluricaulisCPE (Shankhapushpi or Aloe weed) on a chronic rat model of depression and explores its underlying mechanism of action on neuroinflammation and brain monoamines. A consecutive one-week treatment of CPE (50, and 100 mg/kg) or fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, p.o.) in rats showed that the elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1Beta, IL-6, TNF-Alpha and liver biomarkers ALT, AST were significantly reversed .Therefore, this study demonstrates that CPE exerted antidepressant-like effect which could be mediated by anti-inflammatory potential, restoring liver biomarkers or monoaminergic responses in the stressed rats.
Chemical characterization and cerebroprotective effect of methanolic root extract of Colebrookea oppositifolia in rats
This study was conducted to evaluate the cerebroprotective effect of C. oppositifolia methanolic root (MeCO) (common name-Indian Squirrel Tail extract ) in Wistar rats. MeCO was investigated on generation of ROS, nitrite, and TNF-Alpha in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cell lines. It is seen MeCO significantly inhibited generation of ROS, nitrite and TNF-Alpha in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cell lines.
Krishgen’s TNF Alpha ELISA for Human, Rat, and Mouse has been cited in 100+ publications – get a quote today. Or speak to our team for any other support.
