Description
Background:
Alemtuzumab is a drug used in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and T-cell lymphoma under the trade names Campath, MabCampath and Campath-1H and in the treatment of multiple sclerosis as Lemtrada. It is also used in some conditioning regimens for bone marrow transplantation, kidney transplantation and islet cell transplantation. It is a monoclonal antibody that binds to CD52, a protein present on the surface of mature lymphocytes, but not on the stem cells from which these lymphocytes are derived. After treatment with alemtuzumab, these CD52-bearing lymphocytes are targeted for destruction. MabCampath was withdrawn from the markets in the US and Europe in 2012 to prepare for a higher-priced relaunch of Lemtrada aimed at multiple sclerosis. Anti-Drug Antibodies (ADA) may induce unwanted side effects in biopharmaceuticals. Hence, ADA has been subjected to increase in scrutiny by the regulatory authorities using immunogenicity safety studies. ADA has been observed in pre-clinical and clinical studies, resulting in significant changes in toxicology, pharmacokinetics and efficacy. These effects result from the generation of drug-induced (neutralizing) autoantibodies against Trastuzumab and can be responsible for allergic reaction, or even anaphylactic shock. This ELISA kit detects Anti-Alemtuzmab antibodies and may be used for monitoring immunogenicity.
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