Immunology &
Inflammation
Research Assays
Validated ELISA kits spanning cytokines, chemokines, interleukins, CD antigens, Fc receptors, complement system, and toll-like receptors — the most comprehensive immunology assay portfolio available. GENLISA™ kits validated in 16+ species with 1,800+ citations.
Why immunology and inflammation research demands breadth and specificity in ELISA tools
Select Your Research Area
Each category covers immune biology context, key analytes, and validated Krishgen ELISA kits for quantitative measurement across species and sample types. Scroll down for pathway biology tabs, filterable assay cards, and full reference tables for all categories.
GENLISA™ Cytokine ELISA Kits
India's largest cytokine ELISA portfolio, manufactured since 2008. Validated sandwich immunoassays using monoclonal antibody pairs, Corning™ polystyrene microplates, and proprietary stabilizers for lot-to-lot CV <1%.
Matrix-Validated ELISA for Cell & Gene Therapy Immune Monitoring
Cell and gene therapies induce complex immune responses — including life-threatening Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) and ICANS (Immune Effector Cell-Associated Neurotoxicity Syndrome) — that require reliable, matrix-specific cytokine quantification. Standard commercial kits validated only in serum or plasma create a critical data gap in CSF and translational matrices.
PrecisionBind™ cytokine ELISA are validated across serum, plasma, and CSF, calibrated against NIBSC international cytokine standards for inter-laboratory harmonization, with intra-assay CVs below 4% and inter-assay CVs below 5% across 50+ independent production lots. R² ≥ 0.995 linearity. Recovery within ±10% of expected concentration across all matrices.
View PrecisionBind™ Portfolio →Browse by Immune Target Class
Use filters to navigate to your target category, then access species-specific kits within each group.
IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α, IL-17A, IL-23 — the master regulators of inflammatory response. Available in Human, Mouse, Rat, Bovine, and Equine. NIBSC-calibrated options for IL-6 and TNF-α. Bulk Genbulk™ packs available for high-throughput studies.
View pro-inflammatory cytokine kits →IL-10, IL-4, IL-13, TGF-β1, IL-35 — mediators of immune resolution and regulatory T cell function. Essential for studying immune balance in chronic inflammation, allergy, and tolerance induction. Human, Mouse, Rat validated.
View anti-inflammatory cytokine kits →IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ — bridging innate and adaptive immunity. IFN-γ is a key readout for T cell activation. IFN-α is the primary antiviral cytokine. All available in Human, Mouse, and Rat.
View interferon ELISA →IL-2, IL-12 (Th1) • IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 (Th2) • IL-17A/F, IL-22, IL-23 (Th17). Critical for allergy, autoimmunity, infection, and vaccine research. Multiplex-compatible selection available.
View T helper cytokine ELISA →CXCL8 (IL-8), CXCL10 (IP-10), CXCL16, GRO-α/β — govern neutrophil, NK cell, and T cell migration to sites of inflammation. CXCL10 is a key biomarker in viral infection and autoimmune disease.
View CXC chemokine ELISA →CCL2 (MCP-1), CCL3 (MIP-1α), CCL5 (RANTES), CCL11 (Eotaxin), CCL17 (TARC) — direct monocyte, eosinophil, and memory T cell trafficking. Available in Bovine and Equine in addition to standard species.
View CC chemokine ELISA →CRP, SAA (Serum Amyloid A), Haptoglobin, Ferritin — liver-derived reactants produced in response to systemic inflammation. CRP is the most widely used clinical inflammation marker. Quantitative sandwich ELISA for Human and preclinical species.
View acute phase protein ELISA →NETs (KBH4548), MPO, Elastase, Lactoferrin — markers of neutrophil activation and degranulation. NETs are emerging biomarkers in sepsis, COVID-19 severity, and thromboinflammation. Human validated.
View NETs ELISA (KBH4548) →Soluble forms of CD4, CD8, CD14, CD25 (sIL-2Rα), CD40L, CD163 — shed from activated immune cells into circulation. sCD25 is diagnostic for HLH. sCD163 marks M2 macrophage polarization. sCD40L is elevated in lupus.
View soluble CD antigen ELISA →FcγRI (CD64), FcγRIIa (CD32a), FcγRIIb (CD32b), FcγRIIIa (CD16a) — mediate phagocytosis, ADCC, and immune complex clearance. FcγRIIIa V158F polymorphism determines ADCC efficacy. Relevant to mAb therapy research.
View Fc receptor ELISA →C1q, C3, C3a, C4, C4b, C5a, Factor H, Factor B, MBL — covering all three activation pathways. C5a is the primary complement-driven chemoattractant. Factor H regulates alternative pathway activity in AMD and atypical HUS.
View complement ELISA →TLR1–TLR9 and co-receptors (MD-2, CD14) — primary sentinels of innate immune activation. TLR4 detects LPS; TLR7/8 detect ssRNA; TLR9 detects CpG DNA. ELISA for soluble TLR proteins and downstream signaling readouts.
View TLR ELISA →MyD88, TRIF, NF-κB p65, NLRP3, Caspase-1 — signaling intermediates linking pattern recognition to cytokine gene expression. Complete NLRP3 inflammasome panel: NLRP3 + Caspase-1 + IL-1β + IL-18. Human and Mouse.
View innate signaling ELISA →G-CSF, GM-CSF, M-CSF, SCF — growth factors driving myeloid and granulocyte development. GM-CSF is a key CRS marker. G-CSF drives neutrophil expansion. Human, Mouse, and Rat with NIBSC calibration options for GM-CSF.
View CSF growth factor ELISA →HMGB1, S100A8/A9 (Calprotectin), S100B — damage-associated molecular patterns released by necrotic or activated cells, acting as late-stage inflammatory amplifiers. HMGB1 is elevated in sepsis, SLE, and RA. Human and Mouse.
View alarmin ELISA →FcεRI (high-affinity IgE receptor on mast cells and basophils), FcεRII (CD23) — mediators of IgE-driven allergic responses. IgE levels and FcεRI expression are critical in atopic disease research.
View FcεR ELISA →TNF-α, TNF-β (LTA/TNFB), LTB, BAFF (TNFSF13B), APRIL (TNFSF13), TRAIL (TNFSF10), RANKL (TNFSF11), OX40L (TNFSF4), TWEAK (TNFSF12), TL1A (TNFSF15) — the TNF superfamily drives apoptosis, immune cell survival, and inflammatory amplification. BAFF is critical for B cell homeostasis; RANKL drives osteoclastogenesis. Validated in Human, Mouse, Rat, Bovine.
View TNF superfamily ELISA →TNFR1 (CD120a), TNFR2, BAFFR (TNFRSF13C), CD40 (TNFRSF5), BCMA (TNFRSF17/CD269), OX40 (TNFRSF4), 4-1BB (TNFRSF9/CD137), GITR (TNFRSF18), HVEM (TNFRSF14), TACI (TNFRSF13B), DcR3 — receptors mediating TNF-family signaling. 4-1BB and OX40 are active checkpoint immunotherapy targets. BCMA is the target of belantamab mafodotin in myeloma.
View TNFRSF ELISA →TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3 and their receptors (TGFBR1/2/3), Activin A (ACVR2A/B), BMP-2 — pleiotropic mediators of immune suppression, fibrosis, tissue repair, and bone remodeling. TGF-β1 is the primary Treg-inducing cytokine and a major driver of NASH fibrosis. Available in Human, Mouse, Rat, Bovine, Porcine, and Equine.
View TGF-β / BMP ELISA →IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-25 (IL-17E), IL-28A/B (IFN-λ), IL-29, IL-31, IL-33, IL-35 — the later interleukins involved in epithelial immunity, allergy amplification, antiviral response, itch/dermatitis (IL-31), and alarmin signaling (IL-33). Key targets for biologic drug development in atopic dermatitis, asthma, and IBD.
View extended IL ELISA →Soluble forms of IL-6R (sIL-6R/CD126), IL-2Rα (sCD25), IL-4R (CD124), IL-7R (CD127), IL-17RA, IL-10Rα/β, IL-1R1/R2, IFNGR1/R2, IFNAR1, LEPR, LIFR, OSMR, IL-31RA, IL11RA — shed receptors and decoy receptors that modulate cytokine bioavailability. sIL-6R enables trans-signaling in cells that do not express membrane IL-6R, expanding IL-6's inflammatory reach.
View cytokine receptor ELISA →Beyond IL-1α and IL-1β: IL-1RA (endogenous IL-1 antagonist; target of anakinra), IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP), IL-33/ST2 axis, IL-36α/β/γ and IL-36RA, IL-37, IL-38 — a family of ~11 members that includes both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory members. Critical for inflammasome research, autoinflammatory diseases, and dermatology (IL-36 in psoriasis).
View IL-1 family ELISA →Pathway Biology & Assay Selection
Understanding immune pathway architecture guides panel design. Select a pathway to see key analytes, clinical relevance, and recommended Krishgen ELISA.
Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) & Immune Effector Monitoring
CRS is a systemic inflammatory response triggered by CAR-T, bispecific antibody, and checkpoint inhibitor therapies. Cytokine monitoring is required for grading severity (ASTCT consensus criteria) and guiding tocilizumab or corticosteroid intervention. Core CRS panel: IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-10, GM-CSF, TNF-α, IL-8. For ICANS (neuroinflammation), add CSF-validated versions via PrecisionBind™.
NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway
The NLRP3 inflammasome processes pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18 into active forms via Caspase-1 cleavage. Activated by PAMPs, DAMPs, cholesterol crystals, and urate — relevant to gout, atherosclerosis, NASH, Alzheimer's, and sepsis. A complete panel includes: NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, and Gasdermin D.
T Helper Cell Polarization Panel
CD4+ T helper cells differentiate into subsets defined by their cytokine output. Th1 (IL-12 driven, IFN-γ / IL-2 producing) promotes cellular immunity. Th2 (IL-4 driven, IL-4/5/13 producing) drives humoral and allergic responses. Th17 (TGF-β + IL-6 driven, IL-17A/F and IL-22 producing) mediates mucosal defense and autoimmunity. Monitoring the Th1/Th2 balance and Treg/Th17 ratio provides mechanistic insight in autoimmunity, allergy, and vaccination.
Complement Cascade — Three Pathway Architecture
Complement is activated through three converging pathways: Classical (C1q + antibody-antigen complex), Lectin (MBL + carbohydrate patterns), and Alternative (spontaneous C3 hydrolysis, regulated by Factor H). All converge at C3 cleavage, generating C3a (anaphylatoxin) and C3b (opsonin), proceeding to the MAC (C5b-9). Critical in autoimmune disease, transplant rejection, PNH, AMD, and complement-targeted therapy (eculizumab, avacopan).
Toll-Like Receptor / NF-κB Signaling Axis
TLRs are expressed on immune cell surfaces (TLR1/2/4/5/6) or in endosomes (TLR3/7/8/9). Ligand binding triggers MyD88 or TRIF adapter recruitment, leading to IKK activation, IκB degradation, and NF-κB nuclear translocation — driving transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interferons, and co-stimulatory molecules. Measuring soluble TLR proteins alongside NF-κB activation markers captures both upstream sensing and downstream output.
Neutrophil Activation & Effector Markers
Neutrophil activation leads to degranulation (MPO, Elastase, Lactoferrin) and NET formation — chromatin extrusion that traps pathogens but also drives tissue damage in autoimmunity and sepsis. Elevated NETs (KBH4548) are associated with disease severity in COVID-19, SLE, antiphospholipid syndrome, and ARDS. Recommended neutrophil effector panel: NETs + MPO + Elastase + G-CSF + IL-8.
Species-Specific ELISA Coverage
Each GENLISA™ kit is developed with species-specific antibody pairs — ensuring validated detection in your experimental model, not assumed cross-reactivity. Species-specific kits are not interchangeable — the same target analyte (e.g. IL-6) requires a different kit in each species.
Immunology Assay Reference Guide
Click any block to view key kits, catalog numbers, and species coverage.
Core Cytokines & Interleukins — Human / Mouse / Rat
Top-selling. Available in 14 species.+The GENLISA™ core cytokine panel covers the most-cited immunological analytes, each available across Human, Mouse, and Rat with matched monoclonal antibody pairs for true cross-species comparability. Bulk Genbulk™ format (5-plate / 15-plate) available for high-throughput applications.
| Cat No | Target | Species | Key Application | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KB1063 / KB2063 / KLR0119 | IL-1β | Human / Mouse / Rat | Inflammasome output; acute inflammation | View → |
| KB1064 / KB2015 / KLR0123 | IL-2 | Human / Mouse / Rat | T cell proliferation; adaptive response | View → |
| KB1066 / KLM0051 / KLR0133 | IL-4 | Human / Mouse / Rat | Th2 driver; allergy and IgE class switch | View → |
| KB1067 / KLM0050 / KLR0134 | IL-5 | Human / Mouse / Rat | Eosinophil growth factor; asthma | View → |
| KB1068 / KB2068 / KB3068 | IL-6 | Human / Mouse / Rat | CRS biomarker; acute phase inducer | View → |
| KB1070 / KLM1481 / KLR1167 | IL-8 / CXCL8 | Human / Mouse / Rat | Primary neutrophil chemoattractant | View → |
| KB1071 / KLM0080 / KLR0138 | IL-9 | Human / Mouse / Rat | Mast cell growth; Th9 / allergy | View → |
| KB1072 / KB2072 / KLR0108 | IL-10 | Human / Mouse / Rat | Anti-inflammatory; Treg effector cytokine | View → |
| KB1075 / KB2075 / KLR0110 | IL-12 | Human / Mouse / Rat | Th1 polarizer; dendritic cell output | View → |
| KB1076 / KLM0019 / klr0112 | IL-13 | Human / Mouse / Rat | Th2 effector; airway inflammation | View → |
| KB1079 / KB2079 | IL-17A | Human / Mouse | Th17 effector; mucosal & psoriasis | View → |
| KB1082 | IL-18 | Human | Inflammasome output; IFN-γ inducer | View → |
| KB1145 / KB2145 / KB3145 | TNF-α | Human / Mouse / Rat | Master pro-inflammatory cytokine | View → |
| KB1053 / KB2011 / KLR0103 | IFN-γ | Human / Mouse / Rat | Th1 output; macrophage activation | View → |
| KBH0076 / KLM0653 / KLR0087 | IFN-α | Human / Mouse / Rat | Antiviral innate response; type I IFN | View → |
| KB1140 / KLM0660 / KLR1688 | TGF-β1 | Human / Mouse / Rat | Treg induction; fibrosis; immunosuppression | View → |
| KBH0121 / KLM0641 / KLR0428 | G-CSF | Human / Mouse / Rat | Neutrophil production; myeloid expansion | View → |
| KB1048 / KB2048 | GM-CSF | Human / Mouse | Myeloid development; CRS marker. NIBSC calibrated. | View → |
| KB1086 / KLM1151 / KLR1473 | IL-22 | Human / Mouse / Rat | Th17 effector; mucosal barrier integrity; IBD | View → |
| KB1082 / KLM0044 / KLR0117 | IL-18 | Human / Mouse / Rat | Inflammasome output; synergises with IL-12 to drive IFN-γ | View → |
| KB1089 / KLM1182 / KLR0938 | IL-33 | Human / Mouse / Rat | Alarmin; ST2 axis; mast cell and ILC2 activation; asthma | View → |
| KB1088 / KLM1385 / KLR4012 | IL-31 | Human / Mouse / Rat | Itch / pruritus signal; atopic dermatitis; key biologic target | View → |
| KB1085 / KLM0614 / KLR0124 | IL-21 | Human / Mouse / Rat | Tfh cell output; B cell differentiation; autoimmunity | View → |
| KBH3929 / KLM2181 / KLR1519 | IL-19 | Human / Mouse / Rat | IL-10 family; keratinocyte activation; skin inflammation | View → |
| KBH21279 / KLM2182 / KLR1220 | IL-20 | Human / Mouse / Rat | Epidermal differentiation; wound healing; psoriasis | View → |
| KBH2162 / KLM2187 / KLR1433 | IL-23 | Human / Mouse / Rat | Th17 maintenance; psoriasis / IBD; biologic drug target | View → |
| KBH0054 / KLM1656 / KLR1122 | IL-25 (IL-17E) | Human / Mouse / Rat | ILC2 activator; type 2 immunity amplifier; allergy | View → |
| KBH0042 / KLM0402 | IL-35 | Human / Mouse | Treg effector cytokine; suppresses Th17; tolerance | View → |
| KBH0056 / KLM2169 | IL-28A (IFN-λ2) | Human / Mouse | Type III interferon; mucosal antiviral response | View → |
| KBH4773 | IL-28B (IFN-λ3) | Human | Type III interferon; HCV treatment response predictor | View → |
| KBH1111 / KLM0645 / KLR0143 | LIF | Human / Mouse / Rat | Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; embryo implantation; immune modulation | View → |
| KBH1663 / KLM0134 / KLR0726 | OSM (Oncostatin M) | Human / Mouse / Rat | IL-6 family; acute phase induction; joint inflammation | View → |
| KBH3353 / KLM0631 / KLR0327 | SDF-1 / CXCL12 | Human / Mouse / Rat | Bone marrow retention; stem cell trafficking; HIV co-receptor ligand | View → |
Chemokines — CXC, CC, CX3C Families
40+ kits. Leukocyte trafficking markers.+Chemokines direct leukocyte migration. CXC chemokines (CXCL1–16) primarily recruit neutrophils and T cells; CC chemokines (CCL2–28) recruit monocytes, eosinophils, and memory T cells. CXCL10 (IP-10) is widely used in viral infection and autoimmune disease. RANTES (CCL5) is elevated in HIV and RA.
| Cat No | Chemokine | Common Name | Species | Key Role | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KB1070 / KB2070 / KB3070 | CXCL8 | IL-8 | Human / Mouse / Rat | Neutrophil chemoattractant • Acute inflammation | View → |
| KB1091 / KB2091 / KB3091 | CXCL10 | IP-10 | Human / Mouse / Rat | T cell / NK recruitment • Viral infection | View → |
| KB1049 | CXCL1 | GRO-α / MGSA | Human | Neutrophil and melanoma cell chemotaxis | View → |
| KB1050 | CXCL2 | GRO-β | Human | Neutrophil activation; inflammatory site | View → |
| KB1028 | CXCL16 | SR-PSOX | Human | NKT and T cell recruitment • Atherosclerosis | View → |
| KB4021 / KB4025 | CCL2 / CCL4 | MCP-1 / MIP-1β | Bovine | Monocyte & macrophage recruitment | View → |
| KB2099 | CCL5 | RANTES | Mouse | Memory T cell, eosinophil, basophil trafficking | View → |
| KB1024 | CCL27 | CTACK | Human | Skin-homing T cell chemoattractant; atopic dermatitis | View → |
| KB1037 / KB4033 | CCL11 | Eotaxin-1 | Human / Bovine | Eosinophil chemoattractant; allergy / asthma | View → |
CD Antigens & Soluble Surface Markers
Immune cell phenotyping & activation markers+Soluble CD antigens are ectodomain fragments shed from activated or apoptotic immune cells. Their serum/plasma levels reflect immune cell activation state without flow cytometry. Key uses: sCD25 in HLH, sCD14 in sepsis, sCD163 in macrophage activation syndrome, sCD40L in platelet-mediated inflammation.
| Target | CD Designation | Clinical Relevance | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| sCD4 | CD4 | T helper cell activation; HIV progression marker | Search → |
| sCD8 | CD8 | Cytotoxic T cell activation; viral immune response | Search → |
| sCD14 | CD14 | Monocyte activation; LPS co-receptor; sepsis biomarker | Search → |
| sCD25 (sIL-2Rα) | CD25 | T cell activation; HLH / MAS diagnostic | Search → |
| sCD40L | CD40L / CD154 | Platelet activation; SLE; thromboinflammation | Search → |
| sCD163 | CD163 | M2 macrophage marker; MAS; hemolytic disease | Search → |
| sICAM-1 (KB1056) | CD54 | Leukocyte adhesion; endothelial activation | View → |
Fc Receptors — FcγR, FcεR, FcRn
Antibody effector function & half-life regulation+Fc receptors bridge antibody recognition with cellular effector function. FcγRs mediate phagocytosis (FcγRI), ADCC (FcγRIIIa), and immune complex clearance (FcγRIIb — inhibitory). FcRn controls IgG half-life and maternal-fetal transfer. In mAb development, Fc engineering targets FcγRIIIa to enhance ADCC and FcRn to extend half-life.
| Receptor | CD Designation | Function | Therapeutic Relevance | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FcγRI | CD64 | High-affinity IgG receptor; phagocytosis, ADCP | Myeloid activation; autoimmune | Search → |
| FcγRIIa | CD32a | Platelet activation; immune complex uptake | Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia | Search → |
| FcγRIIb | CD32b | Inhibitory FcγR; B cell and myeloid suppression | Checkpoint biology; immune tolerance | Search → |
| FcγRIIIa | CD16a | NK cell and macrophage ADCC execution | mAb Fc engineering (V158F polymorphism) | Search → |
| FcεRI | — | High-affinity IgE receptor; mast cell / basophil | Allergy, atopic disease, omalizumab | Search → |
| FcRn (FCGRT) | — | IgG half-life regulation; neonatal transfer | mAb half-life engineering; IVIG mechanism | Search → |
Complement System — Classical, Lectin & Alternative Pathways
Full cascade coverage from C1q to MAC+C3 is the central pivot — cleaved by convertases from all three pathways. C3a and C5a are potent anaphylatoxins. C5b-9 (MAC) causes direct cell lysis. Soluble complement component ELISA are used in SLE, RA, transplant monitoring, PNH, AMD, and complement-targeted therapy studies (eculizumab, avacopan).
| Component | Pathway | Clinical Use | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| C1q | Classical | SLE monitoring; immune complex sensing | Search → |
| MBL | Lectin | Innate immune deficiency; infection susceptibility | Search → |
| C3 / C3a | Central | Complement activation; anaphylatoxin | Search → |
| C4b / C4d | Classical / Lectin | Transplant rejection; C4d deposition marker | Search → |
| C5a | Terminal | Neutrophil chemoattractant; avacopan target | Search → |
| Factor H | Alternative | Regulation; AMD; atypical HUS | Search → |
| Factor B | Alternative | Amplification loop; complement activation amplifier | Search → |
Toll-Like Receptors & Innate Immune Signaling
TLR1–9 • MyD88 • NF-κB • NLRP3 Inflammasome+TLR4 detects bacterial LPS; TLR3 detects dsRNA; TLR7/8 detect ssRNA; TLR9 detects CpG DNA. All signal through MyD88 (except TLR3) to activate NF-κB and produce inflammatory cytokines. Downstream cytokine readouts — IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-1β — are available in matched species-specific kits from Krishgen.
| Target | PAMP / Ligand Detected | Downstream Readout | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| TLR2 | Lipoteichoic acid (gram+ bacteria) | IL-6, TNF-α, IL-12 | Search → |
| TLR3 | Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) | IFN-β, IP-10, IL-12 | Search → |
| TLR4 / MD-2 | LPS (gram-negative bacteria) | IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8 | Search → |
| TLR7 / TLR8 | Single-stranded RNA | IFN-α, IL-6, TNF-α | Search → |
| TLR9 | Unmethylated CpG DNA | IFN-α, IL-6, IL-12 | Search → |
| MyD88 | Universal TLR adapter (all except TLR3) | NF-κB activation proxy | Search → |
| NLRP3 | Urate crystals, ATP, LPS priming | Caspase-1 → IL-1β / IL-18 | Search → |
TNF Superfamily — Ligands (TNFSF) & Receptors (TNFRSF)
TNFα, BAFF, RANKL, OX40L, TRAIL, 4-1BB, BCMA, CD40 and more+The TNF superfamily is the master regulator of cell survival, apoptosis, and immune activation. TNF-α is the prototypical member and a key therapeutic target (adalimumab, infliximab). BAFF drives B cell survival and is targeted in SLE (belimumab). RANKL governs osteoclast differentiation — critical in bone loss, arthritis, and cancer metastasis. TRAIL induces apoptosis in tumour cells. The TNFRSF receptors include key immune checkpoint co-stimulators (OX40, 4-1BB, GITR) now targeted by next-generation cancer immunotherapies.
TNF Superfamily Ligands
| Cat No | Target | Species | Key Role | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| kb1145 / klm0255 / KB3145 | TNF-α (TNF) | Human / Mouse / Rat | Master pro-inflammatory; therapeutic target | View → |
| KBH0081 / KLR0765 / KLM2541 | LTA / TNF-β | Human / Rat / Mouse | Lymphotoxin-α; lymphoid organogenesis | View → |
| KBH0171 / KLR0902 / KLM1139 | LTB (Lymphotoxin-β) | Human / Rat / Mouse | Lymphoid tissue development; NF-κB activation | View → |
| KBH1967 / KLR3538 / KLM1867 | BAFF (TNFSF13B) | Human / Rat / Mouse | B cell survival; SLE target (belimumab) | View → |
| KBH0620 / KLR0289 / KLM0551 | RANKL (TNFSF11) | Human / Rat / Mouse | Osteoclast differentiation; bone loss; denosumab target | View → |
| KBH3154 | TRAIL (TNFSF10) | Human | Apoptosis in tumour cells; cancer immunotherapy | View → |
| KBH4272 | OX40L (TNFSF4) | Human | T cell co-stimulation; checkpoint immunotherapy | View → |
| KBH6345 / KLM6428 | TL1A (TNFSF15) | Human / Mouse | IBD and mucosal inflammation; DR3 ligand | View → |
| KBH22659 / KBH6501 | TWEAK / APRIL (TNFSF12/13) | Human | B cell activation; kidney injury; APRIL: IgA nephropathy | View → |
TNF Superfamily Receptors
| Cat No | Receptor | Species | Key Role | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KBH4351 / KLR4501 / KLM6422 | TNFR1 (CD120a) | Human / Rat / Mouse | Primary TNF-α signalling receptor; apoptosis | View → |
| KBH4749 | TNFR2 (CD120b) | Human | TNF-α pro-survival signalling; immune regulation | View → |
| KBH3153 / KLR1745 / KLM1207 | CD40 (TNFRSF5) | Human / Rat / Mouse | B cell activation; CD40L-CD40 axis; autoimmunity | View → |
| KBH0268 / KLR3539 / KLM6424 | BAFF-R (TNFRSF13C) | Human / Rat / Mouse | B cell survival receptor for BAFF; SLE | View → |
| KBH6650 / KLM2539 | BCMA (TNFRSF17 / CD269) | Human / Mouse | Myeloma target; CAR-T therapy; APRIL/BAFF receptor | View → |
| KBH4094 | 4-1BB (TNFRSF9 / CD137) | Human | T cell co-stimulation; urelumab / utomilumab target | View → |
| KBH3356 / KLM1454 | OX40 (TNFRSF4 / CD134) | Human / Mouse | T cell co-stimulation; checkpoint immunotherapy | View → |
| KBH20999 | GITR (TNFRSF18 / CD357) | Human | Treg modulation; cancer immunotherapy target | View → |
| KBH6641 | HVEM (TNFRSF14 / CD270) | Human | Immune checkpoint co-inhibitor; BTLA / CD160 ligand | View → |
IL-1 Extended Family — IL-1RA, IL-18BP, IL-33, IL-36, IL-37, IL-38
Endogenous inhibitors, alarmins & IL-1 superfamily members+The IL-1 family now encompasses 11 members (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-18, IL-33, IL-36α/β/γ, IL-37, IL-38, IL-1RA) plus their decoy receptors and binding proteins. Beyond the core IL-1β/IL-18 inflammasome outputs, this family includes key endogenous inhibitors (IL-1RA — the basis for anakinra; IL-18BP) and the alarmin IL-33, which activates mast cells and ILC2s in allergy and asthma. IL-36 subfamily members are elevated in psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease. Measuring the cytokine alongside its inhibitor (IL-1β + IL-1RA; IL-18 + IL-18BP) gives the biologically active fraction.
| Cat No | Target | Species | Key Application | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KBH3000 / KLR0122 / KLM2166 | IL-1RA (IL1F3) | Human / Rat / Mouse | Endogenous IL-1 inhibitor; anakinra basis; RA, gout | View → |
| KBH21270 / KLR4004 / KLM2179 | IL-18BP | Human / Rat / Mouse | IL-18 binding protein; natural inhibitor; free IL-18 ratio | View → |
| KB1089 / KLR0938 / KLM1182 | IL-33 | Human / Rat / Mouse | Alarmin; ILC2 activation; asthma; atopic disease | View → |
| KBH5524 | IL-36α (IL1F6) | Human | Psoriasis; skin inflammation; IL-36R signalling | View → |
| KBH5527 | IL-36RA (IL1F5) | Human | IL-36 receptor antagonist; psoriasis; loss-of-function mutations | View → |
| KBH2762 / KLM5794 | IL-1F9 (IL-36γ) | Human / Mouse | Psoriasis; IBD; IL-36 family pro-inflammatory member | View → |
| KBH4686 | IL-1F10 (IL-38) | Human | Anti-inflammatory IL-1 family member; RA; psoriasis | View → |
| KBH4808 / KLR4006 | IL-1R1 | Human / Rat | Primary IL-1 signalling receptor; therapeutic target | View → |
| KBH2975 / KLM0844 | IL-1R2 | Human / Mouse | Decoy receptor for IL-1; immune suppression | View → |
| KBH3992 | IL-18RAP | Human | IL-18 receptor accessory protein; signal transduction | View → |
Cytokine Receptors — Soluble & Membrane-Shed Receptor ELISA
IL-6R, IL-2Rα, IFNγR, IL-4R, IL-7R, IL-17RA, LIFR, OSMR and more+Soluble cytokine receptors are shed or secreted forms of membrane-bound receptors. They can act as cytokine decoys (sIL-6R acts as a carrier, enabling trans-signalling) or as competitive inhibitors. Measuring receptor alongside ligand is essential for understanding bioactive cytokine fraction. sIL-2Rα (sCD25) is a key diagnostic and monitoring marker for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). IL-6 trans-signalling via sIL-6R is the primary driver of CRS and is the mechanism targeted by tocilizumab.
| Cat No | Receptor | Species | Significance | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KBH0226 / KLR1117 / KLM1405 | sIL-6R (CD126) | Human / Rat / Mouse | IL-6 trans-signalling; tocilizumab mechanism; CRS | View → |
| KBH0315 / KLM0565 | sIL-2Rα (CD122) | Human / Mouse | T cell activation marker; HLH / MAS diagnostic | View → |
| KBH21283 / KLR4010 / KLM5796 | IL-2Rα (CD25) | Human / Rat / Mouse | Treg marker; HLH diagnostic; CD25-targeted therapy | View → |
| KBH0039 | IL-4R (CD124) | Human | Th2 signalling; dupilumab target; atopic dermatitis | View → |
| KBH21289 / KLR4013 | IL-7R (CD127) | Human / Rat | T cell homeostasis; reduced on Tregs | View → |
| KBH5510 | IL-17RA (CD217) | Human | IL-17A/F receptor; secukinumab / ixekizumab target | View → |
| KBH3976 / KLM5775 | IFNγR1 (CD119) | Human / Mouse | IFN-γ signal transduction; JAK1-STAT1 pathway | View → |
| KBH21246 | IFNAR1 | Human | Type I IFN receptor; antiviral signalling; anifrolumab target | View → |
| KBH6471 / KLR3998 / KLM5782 | IL-10Rα | Human / Rat / Mouse | IL-10 signalling; IBD; loss-of-function mutations | View → |
| KBH0261 / KLR0144 / KLM0700 | LIFR | Human / Rat / Mouse | LIF receptor; stem cell maintenance; acute phase | View → |
| KBH0241 | OSMR | Human | Oncostatin M receptor; inflammatory skin disease | View → |
TGF-β / Activin / BMP Superfamily — Pleiotropic Immune Regulators
TGF-β1/2/3 • Activin A • BMP-2 • Noggin • Endoglin • TGFBR1/2+The TGF-β superfamily encompasses over 30 structurally related ligands including TGF-βs, Activins, BMPs, and Growth Differentiation Factors. In immunology, TGF-β1 is the master Treg-inducing and fibrosis-driving cytokine — critical in chronic inflammation, wound healing, and cancer immune evasion. Activin A regulates inflammation, erythropoiesis, and reproductive biology. BMP-2 is involved in bone formation and has roles in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Noggin is an endogenous BMP antagonist. Endoglin (CD105) marks activated endothelium and is used as an angiogenesis marker.
| Cat No | Target | Species | Key Application | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KBH0134 / KLR1688 / KLM0660 | TGF-β1 (TGFB1) | Human / Rat / Mouse + 8 more | Treg induction; fibrosis; immunosuppression; cancer | View → |
| KBH22600 / KLR1689 / KLM0149 | TGF-β2 (TGFB2) | Human / Rat / Mouse | Ocular inflammation; cancer immune evasion | View → |
| KBH22601 / KLR2288 / KLM0854 | TGF-β3 (TGFB3) | Human / Rat / Mouse | Wound healing; fibrosis; palate development | View → |
| KBH3312 / KLR1148 / KLM1432 | TGFBR1 (ALK5) | Human / Rat / Mouse | TGF-β type I receptor; SMAD2/3 signalling | View → |
| KBH3766 / KLR4485 / KLM2510 | TGFBR2 | Human / Rat / Mouse | TGF-β type II receptor; Marfan/Loeys-Dietz syndrome | View → |
| KBH0114 / KLR0302 | Activin A (ACVA) | Human / Rat | Inflammation; erythropoiesis; reproductive biology | View → |
| KBH20068 / KLM5057 | ACVR2A | Human / Mouse | Activin type II receptor; luspatercept target | View → |
| KB1018 / KLR0276 / KLM5241 | BMP-2 | Human / Rat / Mouse + 5 more | Bone formation; PAH; BMP pathway activation | View → |
| KBH1494 / KLR0921 / KLM0954 | Noggin (NOG) | Human / Rat / Mouse | Endogenous BMP antagonist; neural induction | View → |
| KBH3407 / KLR0666 / KLM5515 | Endoglin (ENG / CD105) | Human / Rat / Mouse | Angiogenesis marker; HHT; preeclampsia | View → |
Extended Interleukins, Growth Factors & Other Cytokines
IL-19 to IL-35 • EGF • FGF • LIF • OSM • Leptin • SDF-1 • M-CSF+Beyond the core interleukin panel, Krishgen's catalogue covers the full IL-19/20/22/24/25/28/29/31/35 series, a broad growth factor portfolio (EGF, FGF-2, FGF-10), the gp130-signalling cytokines LIF and OSM, the adipokine Leptin, the key chemokine SDF-1/CXCL12, and colony stimulating factor M-CSF. These analytes are increasingly important in mucosal immunity, skin inflammation, neuroimmunology, obesity-inflammation crosstalk, and haematopoiesis research.
| Cat No | Target | Species | Key Application | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KBH3929 / KLR1519 / KLM2181 | IL-19 | Human / Rat / Mouse | Psoriasis; skin barrier; IL-20 family | View → |
| KBH21279 / KLR1220 / KLM2182 | IL-20 | Human / Rat / Mouse | Psoriasis; skin inflammation; wound healing | View → |
| KB1086 / KLR1473 / KLM1151 | IL-22 | Human / Rat / Mouse + 2 more | Mucosal immunity; IBD; psoriasis; Th17 effector | View → |
| KBH0054 / KLR1122 / KLM1656 | IL-25 (IL-17E) | Human / Rat / Mouse | ILC2 activator; Th2 amplification; allergy | View → |
| KBH0056 / KLM2169 | IL-28A (IFN-λ2) | Human / Mouse | Type III interferon; antiviral; HCV research | View → |
| KBH4773 | IL-28B (IFN-λ3) | Human | Type III interferon; HCV treatment response predictor | View → |
| KBH0040 | IL-29 (IFN-λ1) | Human | Type III interferon; mucosal antiviral defence | View → |
| KB1088 / KLR4012 / KLM1385 | IL-31 | Human / Rat / Mouse | Pruritus; atopic dermatitis; nemolizumab target | View → |
| KBH0042 / KLM0402 | IL-35 | Human / Mouse | Treg-derived inhibitory cytokine; autoimmunity | View → |
| KBH1111 / KLR0143 / KLM0645 | LIF (Leukemia Inhibitory Factor) | Human / Rat / Mouse + 3 more | gp130 cytokine; stem cell maintenance; acute phase | View → |
| KBH1663 / KLR0726 / KLM0134 | OSM (Oncostatin M) | Human / Rat / Mouse | gp130 cytokine; inflammatory skin disease; liver | View → |
| KBH0127 / KLR0363 / KLM0646 | M-CSF (CSF1) | Human / Rat / Mouse + 1 more | Macrophage/monocyte growth factor; tumour microenvironment | View → |
| KBH3353 / KLR0327 / KLM0631 | SDF-1 / CXCL12 | Human / Rat / Mouse + 2 more | Stem cell homing; CXCR4 axis; HIV co-receptor | View → |
| KB1035 / KLR0152 / KLM0701 | EGF | Human / Rat / Mouse + 2 more | Epithelial growth & repair; EGFR pathway; inflammation | View → |
| KBH0055 / KLR0852 / KLM1592 | FGF-2 (bFGF) | Human / Rat / Mouse + 2 more | Angiogenesis; tissue repair; inflammatory fibroblasts | View → |
| KBH1559 / KLR0561 | Leptin | Human / Rat + 10 more species | Adipokine; obesity-inflammation link; immune activation | View → |
Choose the Right Cytokine ELISA
Three decisions determine your assay selection. Work through these steps to identify the correct Krishgen kit for your study.
Understanding Cytokine ELISA: Format, Validation, and Bundling
Cytokine ELISA use a sandwich immunoassay format — a capture antibody pre-coated to the microplate binds the cytokine in the sample, followed by an HRP-conjugated detection antibody. Signal is directly proportional to cytokine concentration. Results are quantitative pg/mL or ng/mL values read from a standard curve. This format provides the sensitivity required to detect cytokines at physiologically relevant concentrations in serum, plasma, and cell culture supernatant. Krishgen kits have been cited in 1,800+ publications across 15+ countries.
The critical quality variable is antibody pair specificity. Krishgen uses highly specific monoclonal antibody pairs for both capture and detection — ensuring minimal cross-reactivity between closely related cytokines (e.g., IL-17A vs IL-17F). All kits are validated across six dimensions: sensitivity, specificity, intra-assay precision, inter-assay precision, accuracy, and robustness/stability.
Product bundling is natural in cytokine research. Cytokines affect pathways — a researcher studying TNF-α is typically also measuring IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-10 as the counter-regulatory signal. Krishgen's breadth allows a single vendor to supply a complete cytokine storm panel, a Th1/Th2/Th17 profiling panel, or a complement activation panel — with matched lot numbers for inter-assay consistency.
For Cell and Gene Therapy studies, PrecisionBind™ meets the demands of clinical and translational research: CSF matrix validation, NIBSC international calibration for cross-study harmonization, and regulatory-grade precision data (intra-assay CV <4%, inter-assay CV <5% across 50+ lots). This level of validation is required to distinguish systemic CRS from CNS-directed ICANS.
Frequently Asked Questions
GENLISA™ cytokine ELISA are available in 16+ species including Human, Mouse, Rat, Bovine, Equine, Porcine, Monkey, Goat, Sheep, Chicken, Dog, Cat, Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster, Ferret, and Zebrafish. Core cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10) are matched across all major preclinical species.
Standard GENLISA™ kits are validated in serum, plasma, and cell culture supernatant. For CSF validation — required for neuroinflammation, CGT neurotoxicity (ICANS), and CNS disease studies — use PrecisionBind™ cytokine ELISA, which include formal CSF matrix validation and parallelism data.
PrecisionBind™ is Krishgen's CGT-grade cytokine ELISA platform. Use it when you need: (1) CSF-validated cytokine measurement, (2) NIBSC-calibrated data for inter-laboratory comparability, (3) ultra-low LOD (IL-1β: 0.1 pg/mL; IL-8: 0.2 pg/mL), or (4) regulatory-ready precision data (<4% intra-assay CV).
You need separate species-specific kits. Cytokine ELISA antibodies are developed against species-specific epitopes — a human IL-6 ELISA will not accurately detect mouse IL-6. Krishgen offers matched human and mouse kits for all core cytokines, enabling cross-species study design with consistent assay architecture.
Genbulk™ kits supply antibody components (capture, detection, standard) in bulk format for 5 or 15 plates. They require the user to optimize using their own blocking buffers, substrate, and coating solutions. Appropriate for high-throughput established workflows. Not recommended for infrequent users or method development.
Related Research Areas
Can't Find Your Target? We Can Help.
Our technical team can configure custom cytokine or immune marker panels, source rare species-specific kits across the TNF, TGF-ß, or cytokine receptor families, and advise on assay selection for any research application.
